3 Hdt. V, 92, 7.
4 hodie The reference is to the vernacular proverb "Hij steekt brood in een' kouden oven." Harrebomée, I, p. 96; Suringar 92.
qui docet indocilem Er. uses the same expression in Adag. 340, ASD II, 1, p. 442, l. 842 and in 362, p. 454, l. 103.
5 Hdt. loc. cit. (9 επί).
15 Hesych. Ἑρμῆς 5952 Latte.
17 suo ... loco Adag. 553 (Bonae Fortunae siue Boni genii); 1701 (Seruatori tertius).
Idem Hesych. Ἑρμοῦ κλῆρος 5961.
19-21 Qui ... ducere See Adag. 332 (Omnem iacere aleam).
7721 Poll. VI, 55. One may note that the word κρεωνομία (or κρεανομία) is not found in Pollux; Er. may have taken it from Lucian. Prometheus 5.
25 Strab. II, 4, 2 (οὐδ᾿ ἂν).
27 hac prima aeditione The Venice 1516 edition is meant; see ASD II, 1, p. 181, n.l. 849.
32 Suid. ἑρμαῖον 3030. For the expression see D.A. Tsirimbas, Sprichwörter und sprichwörtliche Redensarten bei den Epistolographen der zweiten Sophistik: Alkiphron - Cl. Aelianus, München, 1936, pp. 4-5, and Nachträge zu Otto, p. 26.
33-34 Alii ... ponebant Suid. ἑρμαῖον 3030 and 3031.
35 Prv. 26, 8.
36 hic Presumably, the noun 'versus' is to be supplied.
37 Quidam What follows is the version of the Septuagint. The translation Qui religat etc. is taken from the Complutensian Polyglot (Biblia Polyglotta, Compluti, 1514-1517) (38 ligat).
39 Alii ... πολυανδρεῖον Source not identified. The verse does not appear in Origen's Hexapla. The reference is not to Procopius of Gaza's Commentarii in Proverbia (cf. Migne PG 87, 1481 B-C) nor to Euagrius Ponticus' Scholia (ed. Géhin, SC 340). See M. Faulhaber, Hohelied-, Proverbien- und Prediger-Catenen, Wien, 1902. - For modern interpretations see A. Cohen, Proverbs, London, 1967, p. 174 f. and W. McKane, Proverbs, London, 1970, p. 598.
43 Not Vergil, but Servius, Comm. Aen. I Praef.
51 Suid. ἑρμαῖον 3030. See Damascius, Vita Isidori, fr. 122 Zintzen, p. 103.
55 Idem Suid. 3032.
58 Damascene Damascius (!), fr. 341 Zintzen, p. 271, quoted by Suid. 3031 (ἐντετυχηκέναι ἐμοὶ).
60-61 Idem aceruus ... Mercurialis Hesych. Ἕρμαιος λόφος 5939 Latte.
61 Philostr. Vit. soph. II, 548, pp. 56, ll. 27 f. and 57, 2 Kayser.
62 alias I, 525, p. 37, l. 31 and II, 617, p. 117, l. 2.
65-66 versiculus ... Fatis Hermippus, fr. 49 PCG V, quoted by Poll. X, 136. Pollux quotes from Hermippus: Ῥάμμ᾿ ἐπέκλωσας. He then observes: Προσδεῖ δὲ καὶ ῥαφίδος. Er. wrongly takes the latter sentence to be part of the fragment from Hermippus.
7973 Greg. Naz. Epist. 191, 1 (75 ἀντὶ προσώπου, μηδὲ σφηκίαν ἐγείρειν κατ᾿).
79 alias Adag. 60 (Iritare crabrones).
81 Athen. XI, 461 c.
83 ille Pers. Prologus, 1.
84 prouerbium "Wel genet is half geschoren." Suringar 245; Harrebomée, III, p. 58 and the 'Bijlage', p. 389.
87 Suid. πόνηρος 2041: ἐπὶ ὄνου πονήρας ὀχούμενος. (I have maintained Er.' way of accenting.)
88 ceu prouerbiale Er. considers the passage to be proverbial because it is quoted without the name of an author.
92 Suid. σκοροδίοις 668.
95 Suid. loc. cit. The fragment is from Aristophanes, Ach. 163 f. 'Poor me! I'm finished! These Thracian thieves have sacked my garlic.' Er., who fails to recognize the original source of this fragment, misinterprets it.
96-97 Thraces ... frigidam Suid. loc. cit.
99 Hor. Epod. 3.
104 Hesych. Συβαριτικοὶ λόγοι 2131 Schmidt: τὸν γὰρ Αἴσωπον (ἄκωπον ed. Ald.) ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ γενόμενον σπουδασθῆναι σφόδρα φησίν, ὡς καὶ τὸ τῶν λόγων αὐτοῦ εἶδος ἐπιδαψιλεῦσαι, καὶ Συβαριτικὸν προσαγορευθήναι. παροιμιώδεις οὖν οἱ Συβαριτικοὶ λόγοι. Misled by the corrupt form ἄκωπον in the Aldine edition of Hesychius (1514), Er. fails to see that the entry is about Aesop and his fables. Oddly enough, it has escaped his attention that he had discussed the same entry of Hesychius before, namely in 556 (Sybaritica oratio). In 3610, almost a doublure, Er. repeats nearly literally his explanation given in 556.
107-109 Ea solet etc. Added by Er. His erroneous interpretation of Hesychius' entry leads him to explain Συβαριτικοὶ λόγοι as 'deceitful speeches', no doubt on the strength of the evil repute of the inhabitants of Sybaris. Er. indulges in an elaborate discussion of their effeminacy and luxurious lifestyle in Adag. 1165 (Sybaritica mensa). Συβαριτικοὶ λόγοι are really a class of fables, as Er. himself points out in his introduction to the Adagia, ASD II, 1, p. 51 and (using a scholium on Aristoph. Av. 471) in Adag. 1527 (Ne Aesopum quidem triuisti), ASD II, 4, p. 40, ll. 482 f.
107-108 veritatis ... oratio See Adag. 288 (Veritatis simplex oratio).
108 Talis ... vita See Adag. 550 (Qualis vir, talis oratio).
108-109 Moecenas ... deliciis effoeminatus Sen. Epist. 120, 19 "Maecenatem deliciis provocant"; see also 114, 4-7.
109 Apuleius ... Afer et magus Apuleius, a native of Madaura, was traditionally held to be a miracle worker (Lact. Inst. V, 3, 7; Aug. Epist. 102, 32; 136, 1). Er. viewed Africa as a land of evil, a breeding-ground for poisons and a hotbed of hybrid monsters: "quod in Libya variae ferarum species saepenumero misceantur"; "vt est regio venenorum ferax, ita gentis pestilens ingenium" (see Adag. 2608-2610, ASD II, 6, pp. 429 f.). Little wonder then that heresies thrived there: "In eadem Africa, quae iuxta Graecorum prouerbium semper gignit aliquid noui monstri, exorti sunt Donatiani", he remarks in his catechism (Explan. symboli, ASD V, 1, p. 286, ll. 392 f.). Africans were prone to the poisonous vice of self-love more than other peoples (Adag. 292 Φίλαυτοι, ASD II, 1, p. 398, l. 322). All this explains why Er. holds against both Apuleius and Tertullian their extraction from Africa (for Tertullian see Eccles. I, ASD V, 4, p. 266, l. 450).
81110 Sybaritica mensa Adag. 1165.
112 Athen. II, 51 c.
Aeschylus, fr. 264 TrGF III, quoted by Athen. loc. cit. (114 μόρων).
117-118 Addit ... apparere Athen. II, 51 d. Nicander, fr. 75, p. 156 Gow-Scholfield.
118-119 Additur ... maturitatem Cf. Athen. II, 51 b-c.
119-120 Opinor fici ... μόρον Er. believes μόρον to be a kind of fig. Athenaeus (II, 51 b) links the μόρον with the συκάμινον; see also Suid. μόρα 1246: τὰ συκάμινα. Both words denote the fruit of the black mulberry. Perhaps Er. took συκάμινον to denote a fig. In doing so he may have thought of σῦκον. It is true, though, that he correctly renders συκάμινον as "morura" in an earlier adage (1939, ASD II, 4, p. 300, ll. 431 ff.).
quum scribitur etc. Er. intends to distinguish μόρον (fig, in his view) from 'morum' (black mulberry), or, more precisely, from μωρον, a noun which is actually not attested in ancient Greek.
122 Aug. Contra litteras Petiliani II, 71, 159 f, CSEL 52 (124 multos).
130 prophetam Is. 40, 6.
132 Gal. Adversus ea quae Iuliano in Hippocratis Aphorismos enunciata sunt libellus 2, 3 Wenkebach (134 τἀνθρώπου).
134-135 Ἀπεραντολογία Er. knew the word from Lucian. Dial. mort. 10, 10 and Cic. Att. XII, 9.
139 Gal. De nat. facult. I, 15, 56 f. Helmreich.
140 Gal. loc. cit.
147 Athen. XII, 554 c-d.
149-150 adolescens ... ostendit Actually the girls themselves showed their bodies to the young man.
155 Cercidas, fr. 14 Powell, Collectanea Alexandrina, Oxonii, 1925, p. 213, quoted by Athen. loc. cit.
158 Eosdem etc. Eosdem refers to fair-buttocked people in general. Καλλίπυγοι, says Er., are also called πύγαργοι (with white buttocks, from πυγή and ἀργός white). See Adag. 1043 (Ne in melampygum incidas): "Graeci ... molles et imbelles fractosque deliciis πυγάργους και λευκοπύγους appellabant" (after a scholium on Lycophr. 91).
833616 Otto 1854.
160 Aug. Contra Cresconium IV, 37, 44, CSEL 52.
162 Alibi E.g. Contra epist. Parmeniani II, 13, 31, CSEL 51. Er. has included the same proverb at the end of Adag. 115 (Suum cuique pulchrum).
164-169 Genus hoc hominum etc. The attack is aimed at the monks, more specifically the mendicant friars and popular preachers. Er. also quotes the expression Quod volumus sanctum est in Adag. 115, ASD II, 1, p. 232, l. 455. There, too, he aims at the friars, who "sibi arrogantius vindicant pietatem quam vnquam fecerint Pharisaei, qui cum vitiis nec ferendis nec nominandis madeant, miro tamen supercilio debacchantur in vitam alienam." See also Adag. 3618 (Coriaceum auxilium), 3628 (Oliuam ne comedas), 3664 (In ventrem insilire) and 3755 (Mithragyrtes, non daduchus).
166-167 Sanctum ... cingulum See Moria, ASD IV, 3, p. 160, l. 541.
171 Athen. XII, 529 d-e (172 τῷ τοῦ μνήματος; ἐστιν).
Sardanapali epitaphio Er. quotes the epitaph, using various sources, in Adag. 2627 (Sardanapalus).
175 Aristobulus, fr. 9 FGrHist II B, p. 772, quoted by Athen. XII, 530 b. Er. paraphrases the same passage in Adag. 707 (Huius non facio).
177 edere crepitum I.e. snap one's fingers, as a gesture expressing contempt.
178 nostrates The Dutch saying is: "Ick vraech daer niet een knip na" (Not worth the snap of a finger), quoted by Sartorius, Adag. 775. Suringar 131; Harrebomée, I, p. 420.
181 Hesych. σκυτίνη ἐπικουρία 1199 Schmidt. The expression is a variation of συκίνη ἐπικουρία, which Er. quotes in Adag. 685 (Ficulnus).
182 Athen. XII, 551 c. There mention is made of Sannyrion's 'leathern reinforcement', a leathern padding of some sort that this skinny man wore under his clothes so as to make his body look well-endowed. See Strattis, fr. 57 PCG VII.
184 Antiphanes, fr. 120 PCG II, quoted by Athen. XIII, 565 f.
186-187 qui vultu etc. The mendicant friars are meant, "qui sordes ac mendicitatem magno vendunt proque foribus magno mugitu panem efflagitant" (Moria, ASD IV, 3, p. 160, ll. 533 f.). Lister notes in his commentary: "'vendunt' dixit pro 'ostentant'. Ita Politianus: 'vultuque tristes vendunt sanctimonias'." The source is Poliziano's Prologus in Plauti Menaechmos, Epist. VII, 15, Omnia opera, Venice, 1498, f. i 5. For further details see Wesseling, Dutch Proverbs, p. 364.
189 Athen. XII, 551 a.
189-192 Tanagra etc. Steph. Byz. Τανάγρα.
190 Hom. Il. II, 498, quoted by Steph.
Lycophr. 326, quoted by Steph.
192 Athen. loc. cit.
194 Schol. on Hom. Il. IV, 394, p. 515 Erbse (πρέσβις).
196-198 Id iure ... patrati See RE, s.v. Legatus, XII, 1135.
85203 Athen. XII, 512 f. There the question is raised why people call soft bedding 'Heracles's beds': διὰ τί τὰς μαλάκας στρωμνὰς Ἡρακλέους κοίτας εἰώθασι καλεῖν; The Aldine 1514 edition reads exactly the same.
204-205 Cynici ... Herculem For Heracles as the hero of the austere Cynics see Diog. Laert. VI, 2; R. Höistad, Cynic Hero and Cynic King, Lund, 1948, p. 34; Antisthenis Fragmenta, ed. F. Decleva Caizzi, Milano, 1966, pp. 94-96.
205 hodie Carmelitae ... Eliam The first Carmelites were hermits who lived on Mt. Carmel, where Elijah dwelt and defeated the priests of Baal (1. Rg. 18, 20-46). See G. Krause et al., ed., Theologische Realenzyklopädie, XVII, Berlin, 1988, s.v. Karmeliter; Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, Paris, XI, 1949, s.v. Carmel.
206 Athen. loc. cit.
210 Athen. XII, 524 e-f.
213 2. Rg. 10, 4 ff.
219 Athen. XII, 551 a.
221 Hermippus, fr. 36 PCG V, quoted by Athen. loc. cit. (222 βούδια Dindorf: βοίδια codd. et ed. Ald.; 223 Λεωτροφίδου: Λεωτρεφίδου v.l. et ed. Ald.; Θουμάντιδος, sic et ed. Ald.).
226-229 Notatus ... tenuitas Athen. XII, 551 d and 552 b-c.
227 Aristoph. Av. 1377, quoted by Athen.
228 Phileta Athen. loc. cit.: Philitas (Philetas v.l. eted. Ald.).
233 Gal. De plac. Hippocr. et Plat. III, 4, 5 De Lacy (235 οὕτως; πεισθήσεσθαι).
241-242 Et hodie ... obseruiunt Perhaps the reference is to the German word "Fliegenwedel", used of courtiers; see J. and W. Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, III, Leipzig, 1862, s.v. In Adag. 2660 (Muscas depellere) Er. seems to refer to the expression "de vliegen afkeeren" (Sartorius, Adag. 2738, quoted by Suringar 126; see also Woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal, XXI, 1895).
242 Athen. XI, 484 d.
246 Hom. Il. IV, 130 f. (248 ἐέργῃ).
252 Posidippus, fr. 23 PCG VII, quoted by Athen. IV, 154 f (256 ἑόρακεν).
87265 Timon, fr. 22 Wachsmuth, quoted by Athen. IV, 158 a-b "καὶ Ζηνώνειόν γε φακῆν ἑψειν ὃς μὴ φρονίμως μεμάθηκεν" (of a person "who has never learned wisely to make a 'Zenonian' lentil soup", that is, in accordance with the prescription of Zeno). Er.' interpretation is incorrect.
266-269 Zenon ... Zenonis Athen. loc. cit. (nec referre ... similem is an addition by Er.)
269 Diog. Laert. VII, 125 Πάντα τ᾿ εὖ ποιεῖν τὸν σοφόν. See von Arnim III, fr. 561.
277 Chrysippus, fr. 709 a, von Arnim III, p. 178, quoted by Athen. IV (!), 158 b (278 μηδέποτ᾿: μήποτ᾿ cod.). See fr. adesp. 367-368 Kock III, p. 477.
279-280 Opinor ... pisce The reference is to ἀκαλήφην (stinging-nettle or sea-anemone). Perhaps Er. consulted Suidas, s.v. ἀκαλήφη 788: κνίδη καὶ ἡ χερσαία καὶ ἡ θαλαττία.
286-287 istos etc. The sneer is meant for the monks and friars of Er.' time, "qui cum ceremoniolis et nugis deridiculis clamoribusque tyrannidem quandam inter mortales exerceant, Paulos atque Antonios sese credunt" (Moria, ASD IV, 3, p. 168, ll. 670 ff.). In the Moria, too, the names Paulus and Antonius denote the hermits who lived in the Egyptian desert (see Adag. 1837, ASD II, 4, p. 240, ll. 531-533 and the notes; Wesseling, Dutch Proverbs, p. 373).
luxu etc. See Adag. 2627 (Sardanapalus).
289 Epicharmus, fr. 33 Kaibel, p. 96, quoted by Athen. IV, 158 c.
290 olla lenticulam attigit But the correct sense is: A kettle of lentil soup was simmering.' In fact, ἥψετο is a form of ἕψω (boil) rather than of ἅπτω (touch), as Er. takes it.
293 alibi Adag. 660 (Ipsa olera olla legit) and 782 (In planiciem equum).
3630 Otto 78.
295 Aug. Contra Adimantum 13, CSEL 25, p. 146.
296 hodie The reference is probably to the German expression "Wo kein eiffer, da kein lieb", quoted from Sebastian Franck by Suringar 189. (Cf. also "Geene liefde zonder jaloezij"; Harrebomée, I, p. 352, no source given.)
298 arcanis literis Ex. 20, 5; 34, 14.
302 Athen. IV, 156 f. The line seems to be a parody of some tragic verse; see fr. adesp. 92 TrGF II, p. 43.
89305 Etym. mag. φακή 786, 40-41.
310 Gal. De pulsuum differentiis III, 1 Kühn VIII, pp. 636 f.
311 poeta quopiam Xenophanes, fr. 35 Gentili-Prato, fr. 34 Untersteiner, p. 142. The latter translates "il congetturare è proprietà di tutti." Kühn translates "est in omnibus opinio." δοκος here means 'opinion' (= δόκος). Er.' interpretation is incorrect.
312-313 De trabe ... euangelium Mt. 7, 3-5; Lc. 6, 41-42. See also Adag. 591 (Festucam ex alterms oculo eiicere).
315 Φρόντισον Source not identified. See, however, Adag. 1695 (Non decet principem solidam dormire noctem), ASD II, 4, p. 145, l. 346: Φρόντιζε, quoted from Plut. Mor. 780 c-d (without any reference to Socrates). Cf. Suid. φροντιζόντων 731: Φροντισταὶ δὲ ἐκαλοῦντο οἱ περὶ τὸν Σωκράτην διὰ τὸ φροντίζειν περὶ ἀλλήλων καὶ διὰ τὸ μηδέποτε παύεσθαι φροντίδος. Similar information is found in a scholium on Aristoph. Nub. 94.
316 Gal. loc. cit.
320 Gal. De libris propriis 5, 33 Mueller (321 ἐοικότες: ἐθικότες v.l.; τοιαῦτα).
323 Gal. De compositione medicamentorum III, Kühn XIII, p. 605.
326 alibi Adag. 118 (Muti magistri).
328 Gal. Thrasybulus 37 Helmreich.
334 Plat. Gorg. 515 e.
339 de athletis et barbaris More precisely, 'the guys with the cauliflower ears' mentioned by Callicles are, as E.R. Dodds notes, the young oligarchs of the late fifth century, who advertised their political sympathies by adopting Spartan tastes.
341 alias Not identified. It may well be that Er.' memory fails him; he might have in mind the expression "perpurgatis auribus", which he discussed in Adag. 1394.
345 Iuv. 7, 202.
Ammianus Not Ammianus, but Lucianus, quoted in Anth. Pal. XI, 436 (the name Ammianus is given there as the author of one of the preceding epigrams).
351 Gal. De nat. facult. I, 17, 71 Helmreich (352 ὥσθ᾿; 353 φαίνεται λέγων; Ἐρασιστράτεια, δῆλον δ᾿ ὡς οὐδ᾿ Ἀσκληπιάδεια, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον οὐδ᾿ Ἱπποκράτεια. Λευκῶ: Ἐρασιστράτεια. Λευκῷ v.l.).
91362 Gal. De nat. facult. III, 10, 180 Helmreich (363 λέγοι).
364-365 Graecorum collectaneis See Adag. 335 (Asinus ad lyram), ASD II, 1, p. 436, l. 688 and n.l. 687.
366 Gal. De pulsuum differentiis II, 3 Kühn VIII, p. 573.
369 alias Adag. 335 (Asinus ad lyram).
3637 Otto 152.
371 After Liv. X, 24, 5.
372 Liv. loc. cit. (373 consevisset: conseruisset v.l.; indignum esse dicere).
373-374 Alienam etc. Adag. 341 (Alienam metis messem).
376 Gal. De praecognitione 1, 15 Nutton.
377 Gal. loc. cit. (378 ἀλλὰ πάντων; 379 ἀχρηστότατον; νενομίκασιν).
381 Sic ... legendum The Mss., too, read το. Er.' emendation τῷ has proved correct.
382-383 Id est ... vsus See Adag. 1916 (Milium torno sculpere).
383-384 Simile etc. [Source not identified.] {The reference is to an anecdote in Quintilian, Institutio oratoria, 2, 20, 3, on the subject of "vanum laborem", "qualis illius fuit qui grana ciceris ex spatio distante missa in acum continuo et sine frustratione inserebat." The phrase "per foramen acus" is reminiscent of Vulg., Matth., 19, 24 "Facilius est camelum per foramen acus transire." (A. Wesseling, Humanistica Lovaniensia, Vol. L, 2001, Leuven, p. 455)) }
387 Gal. De pulsuum differentiis II, 9 Kühn VIII, p. 624.
388 Gal. loc. cit. (390 πρότερον αὐτὸν χρὴ).
395 Diog. Laert. IV, 36. The clause vt si quis etc. is added by Er.
3640 Otto 667.
399 Amm. Marc. XIV, 11, 12 (solent; 400 meliorum; 401 Antiochia numine laevo ductante).
403 Alibi Adag. 420 (Flamma fumo est proxima).
405 Athen. X, 443 d.
406 Dionysius Chalcus, fr. 5 West II, quoted by Athen. loc. cit. (408 καί τινες).
93415 Basil. Epist. 250, Courtonne III, p. 88, l. 25.
416 Basil, loc. cit. (417 αὐτῶν ταῖς κεφαλαῖς προσδιαλέγεσθαι).
419 'Caput' ... praecipuum See Adag. 1061 (Caput).
425 Athen. VI, 238 e.
Plaut. Capt. 77; the line is the subject of Adag. 2468 (Muris in morem).
426 Athen. loc. cit.
431 Hegesander, fr. 6 FHG IV, p. 414, quoted by Athen. VI, 249 d-e.
432 Cinesias But Nicesias. Er. has used the correct form in the Apophthegmata.
433-434 'Profecto ... sanguine' Athen.: (so as to flatter Alexander, Nicesias said to him:) Ἦ που τῶν ἄλλων μυιῶν αὗται πολὺ κρατήσουσι τοῦ σοῦ γευσάμεναι αἵματος, i.e. 'Surely these flies have much the better of all other flies in having tasted your blood.' Er.' interpretation is erroneous. It is based on the assumption that there is a connection with the fable of the hedgehog and the fox (see his next observation). The same mistake seems to underlie his paraphrase in Apophth. VI, LB IV, 313 A "Nicesias Alexandra abigenti muscas, quod ab illis diceret se morderi, 'Magis' inquit 'ab aliis quae plus tui habent, gustato sanguine.' Adulatores notauit vt omnibus muscis plus sugentes."
434 apologus ... esse Aristot. Rhet. II, 20, 22 (1393 b). Plutarch refers to it in Mor. 790 c. It is this fable which inspired the following simile of Er., Parab., ASD I, 5, p. 324, ll. 29 ff.: "Sicut vespae aduolantes in conuiuium neminem petunt aculeo, si quis patiatur eas ipsarum arbitrio vesci, verum si quis abigat, saeuiunt implacabiliter, ita ...". He attributes the fable to Themistocles in the Moria, ASD IV, 3, p. 100, l. 536.
μυιοσόβης 'Flyflap'. Er. took this word from Athenaeus XI, 484 d; see Adag. 3625 (Μυιοσόβαι).
435 Plaut. Merc. 361 f. (436 Muscast: Musca est ed. Mediol. 1500; nil: nihil codd. et ed. Mediol. 1500; potest clam illum; 437 quicquamst: quicquam est ed. Mediol. 1500; quin ibi ilico adsit). Er. owes this reference to Brassicanus, Prov. 92 (Musca est).
439 Athen. VII, 288 a.
441 See Epicharmus, fr. 64 Kaibel, p. 102.
441-442 Nomen ... breuitate Er. connects βαιών with βαιός (small); Etym. mag. 192, 48-49 βαιόν: τὸ μικρὸν ἢ ὀλίγον (the next entry is about the fish under discussion). See also Hesych. βαιόν 87 Latte: ὀλίγον, μικρόν.
445 Athen. VIII, 365 a-b.
452 Eubulus, fr. 60 PCG V, quoted by Athen. IX, 380 f-381 a.
453 Philyllius, fr. 9 PCG VII, quoted by Athen. 381a.
95460 apud eundem Athen. 380 f.
462 sententiam The fragment is from Menander, fr. 118 Koerte II, quoted by Athen. 383 f (464 οὐδὲ εἷς / μάγειρον; ἀθῷος, sic et ed. Ald.).
468 Hesych. ἀρὰς ἐπισπεῖραι 6976 Latte.
470 Docet Plinius ... exeas! [Source not identified.] {The source is Naturalis historia, 19, 120, rendered by a free paraphrase; Erasmus apparently quotes from memory. The passage in Pliny runs, "Nihil ocimo fecundius; cum maledictis ac probris serendum praecipiunt, ut laetius proveniat; sato pavitur terra. Et cuminum qui serunt, precantur ne exeat." (A. Wesseling, Humanistica Lovaniensia, Vol. L, 2001, Leuven, p. 455)}
473 alias Adag. 1419 (Lindii sacrum).
475 Hesych. ὕδωρ καὶ γαῖα γένοισθε 97 Schmidt.
477 Hom. Il. VII, 99.
481 Ps. Plut. De vita et poesi Homeri 93. Alex. Aphrod. Probl. I, 79 (!).
484 Epicharmus, fr. 245 Kaibel, p. 136, quoted by Plut. Mor. 110 a (485 κἀπῆλθεν; 486 δ᾿ ἄνω).
488 Loquitur ... animae Plut. Mor. 109 e.
489 Cic. Tusc. III, 25, 59 (490 terrae est terra: est terrae terra v.l.). Eur., fr. 757 Nauck.
492-493 Hanc ... Carneade Cic. loc. cit.
493 Eccl. 3, 20 "De terra facta sunt et in terram pariter revertuntur."
494 Aristot. Rhet. II, 23, 18 (496 τὸ διδόναι).
500 Hom. Il. XVIII, 309 (501 καί τε).
503 Aristot. Rhet. II, 21, n.
504 eodem libro Il. VI, 339 (505 ἐπαμείβεται).
507 Liv. XXX, 30, 20 (508 ferrum, utrimque: ferrum v.l.; erunt).
509 Liv. VIII, 31, 5.
97511 Liv. VIII, 23, 8.
513 Liv. VIII, 11, 6.
515 Liv. VII, 29, 2.
516 Apud eundem II, 40, 14; IX, 44, 8; XXV, 19, 5; XXVII, 12, 10.
517 Cic. Phil. 10 (!), 10, 20 (519 decertandum est).
519 prouerbio Adag. 663 (Omnium rerum vicissitudo est).
520-521 Ἐνυάλιος etc. Etym. mag. Ἐνυάλιος 345, 56-67.
523 Aeschin. 1, 5 (524 δὴ).
529 Polyb. I, 82, 2 (530 ζωγρίᾳ; 531 ὑπέβαλλε).
533 II, 28, 10.
536 alias Adag. 529 (Haec potior).
536-537 Apud Plautum etc. The reference is probably to Truc. 618-624; Er. relies on memory.
539 Athen. XIII, 610 b.
Hippon But the saying is Timon's, fr. 65 Wachsmuth.
543 Timon, quoted by Athen. loc. cit.
545 Eccl. 1, 18 "quod in multa sapientia multa sit indignatio et qui addit scientiam addat et laborem." Er. quotes from memory. The same verse is found in Adag. 1981 (In nihil sapiendo iucundissima vita), ASD II, 4, p. 328, ll. 14-15.
547 laudata etc. Plat. Hipp. min. 368 b-d; Apul. Flor. 9, 24-25.
550 Plat. Charm. 174 b ' ... you have all this time been dragging me round and round, while concealing the fact that the life according to knowledge does not make us happy'. Er. takes ἀποκρυπτόμενος (non sentientem) with the first part of the sentence, while ignoring its sequel.
555 labyrinthis See Adag. 1951 (Labyrinthus).
556 In easdem etc. Adag. 1036 (In easdem ansas venisti).
558 Eur. Cycl. 136, quoted by Athen. XIV, 658 c.
562 Apud eum E.g. Athen. XIV, 642 f. See Adag. 560 (Iouis et regis cerebrum).
99563-567 Persae ... commemorat Athen. XII, 514 d-e.
565 solet This use of the present tense of 'solere', where one would expect the imperfect, is quite normal for Er. and not uncommon for other sixteenthcentury authors of Dutch origin; see J. Trapman, 'Solet' Instead of Solebat' in Er. and Other Neo-Latin Authors, Humanistica Lovaniensia 44 (1995), pp. 197-201.
566 Clearchus, fr. 5 FHG II, pp. 304 f., quoted by Athen. loc. cit.
568 Hor. Epist. (!) I, 19, 43-44.
570 Athen. XIV, 659 a-b.
570-581 a Maesone etc. Athen. loc. cit.
574-575 apud Plautum Athenaeus refers to Menander. Smart cooks appear in Plaut. AuL, Men. and Pseud.
575 Philemon, fr. 114 PCG VII, quoted by Athen. loc. cit. (577 οὐδὲ ἕν: οὐδὲν v.l.; 578 ὧν ἂν λέγῃ: ὧν λέγει codd. et ed. Ald.).
582 Hipponacteo praeconio Adag. 1156.
584 Suid. χρεία 465. 'The Carthaginian' is the title of a lost play by Menander, fr. 229 Koerte II. Modern editors read the fragment as follows: Χρεία διδάσκει, κἂν ἄμουσος ᾔ, σοφὸν / Καρχηδόνιον (Practice teaches a Carthaginian to be clever, even if he is uncultured).
588 Σοφία πενίαν ἔλαχεν Er., quoting from memory, has inadvertently interchanged the subject and the object. He discusses the proverb Πενία δὲ τὴν σοφίαν ἔλαχε in Adag. 422 (Paupertas sapientiam sortita est).
Aristoph. Plut. 469 and 532.
589 Pers., Prologus 10 f.
591 Curt. III, 4, 31 "ignaviam quoque necessitas acuit."
3656 Traces of an early version of this adage appear in the index of χ, in which Er. notes: "Vita spinosa, Vita exfistulata, Vita non vitalis".
593 Suid. βίος ἀκανθώδης 295. The same expression is quoted at the end of Adag. 763 (Vita macerata) and 1881 (Non enim spinae).
593-594 qualem ... placentarum Added by Er. See Adag. 302 (Satis quercus) and 2227 (Arcadicum germen), ASD II, 5, p. 203, ll. 949 ff.
595 Idem Suid. ἀβίωτον 49: Ἀβίωτος· ὁ μὴ ζῶν.
597-598 Latinis ... viuunt See Adag. 2466 (Vixit, dum vixit, bene), where Er., quoting Ter. Hec. 461, points to the twofold use of "viuere" ('be alive' and 'live festively').
598 Graecis See Plut. Dion 6, 2 ἔδοξεν ὁ Διονύσιος ἀβιώτως ἔχειν (D. was seemingly going to die).
599 Aeschin. 1, 183 (τὴν τοιαύτην).
601 Turpiter ... viuere For the sense see Adag. 745 (Vbi non sis qui fueris, non est cur velis viuere).
602 Aeschin. 2, 5.
606 Aristot. Rhet. I, 11, 25.
607 Aristot. loc. cit. (ἔγνω: ἐγνώκει v.l.; δὲ).
101611-612 Furemque etc. Adag. 1263.
614 Plat. Theaet. 209 d-e.
615 Socr., quoted by Plat. loc. cit.
617-618 loro out pistillo circumnolubili ἡ μὲν σκυτάλης ἢ ὑπέρου ... περιτροπή. The non-classical compound circumuolubili is (correctly) formed from 'circumvolvere' and 'volubilis'.
623 Alias Adag. 740 (Caecus caeco dux) and 741 (Caeca speculatio).
Ep. 2726 By this letter, which appears in the 1533 edition for the first time, Er. dedicates the 488 newly added adages to Charles Blount, the eldest son of his patron William Blount, Lord Mountjoy. It is to William, the dedicatee of the Collectanea (1500) that Er. dedicated the Adagiorum chiliades from its first appearance in 1508. He now associates father and son in the dedication of the enlarged edition of 1533. After William's death (1534) Er. dedicates the 1536 edition to Charles in the first place (Ep. 3092, also in ASD II, 1, p. 44). The present epistle takes up a letter to Charles of earlier date, which was first included in the 1528 edition and retained in the 1533 (and 1536) edition (Ep. 2023, also in ASD II, 1, pp. 38 f.). Charles thanks Er. for the dedication of the supplement in Ep. 2830. For William and Charles Blount see Contemporaries I. It may seem odd to dedicate one and the same work to more than one person. As a matter of fact, Er. himself raises the point in his earlier letter to Blount junior. In his view, it is not strange at all: "Nihil est nouum idem monumentum pluribus inscribi" (p. 38, ll. 406 f.). However common the practice of multiple dedications, Er. feels the need to justify himself. He therefore appeals to Blount senior's benevolence in Ep. 2215, ll. 21-24. In dedicating his second edition of Seneca to a different patron he refers to the example of Ricchieri (Celius Rodiginus), who had dedicated the sixteen books of his Antiquae lectiones to as many persons (Ep. 2091, ll. 4-16). He once apologises for having dedicated each part of a whole (namely, his paraphrases on the apostolic Epistles) to various patrons and alleges that he had compiled them at intervals (Allen, Op. ep. I, p. 20, ll. 28 ff.). He had done the same with other works, such as the Lucubratiuncula and his translations of Lucian. This strategy of multiple dedications proved quite profitable; see J. Hoyoux, Les moyens d'existence d'Ér., Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance 5 (1944), pp. 42-43. Somewhat hypocritically, he dissuades Polidoro Virgilio from dedicating his enlarged edition of the Proverbia (1524) to two persons: "mihi videtur magis ingenuum, totum opus Prouerbiorum vni dicare" (Ep. 1494, ll. 28 f.). The practice was by no means uncommon at the time, as P.E Grendler observes; see C.B. Schmitt et al., ed., The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, Cambridge, 1988, p. 32.
628-629 calcar additum ... currenti The metaphor is taken from Plin. Epist. I, 8, 1; see Adag. 147 (Calcar addere currenti).
650 immussare libris 'whisper over his books'. Er. uses the same (non-classical) verb in the Colloquia, ASD I, 3, p. 422, l. 167 "nescio quid immussauit in aurem parocho".
653 Guilhelmum Varamum William Warham (b. ca. 1456), Archbishop of Canterbury, died in August 1532. In Eccles. I (ASD V, 4, pp. 140, ll. 173 ff.) Er. has included an obituary of his patron, which is followed by an account of the material emoluments received. See also Contemporaries III, s.v.
103654 vitae vmbra See Adag. 886 (Ne vmbram quidem eius nouit). In the present context, the notion 'the life of man is but a shadow' is reminiscent of passages in the Old Testament; see Ps. 143, 4; 1. Chr. 29, 15; Iob 8, 9.
656 sacra ancora See Adag. 24 (Sacram ancoram soluere).
Inieramus ... foedus συναποθνῃσκόντων Writing to William Blount in 1531 Er. expresses fear that Warham would die soon (Ep. 2459, ll. 42-45), "quanquam τῶν συναποθνησκόντων foedus inter nos pacti sumus, ne alter alteri superesset." He uses the same expression in Epp. 1934, l. 328 and 2136, l. 59. The source of the Greek verb is Terence, Ad., Prologus 6; see Adag. 2536 (Naaera et Charmione).
661-662 pro ... metit See Adag. 778 (Vt sementem feceris, ita et metes).
663 promissae fidei debitor Now that Warham is deceased, Er. is bound to live up to his vow, that is, to join his friend in death.
664 res clamat See Adag. 2349 (Res indicabit), ASD II, 5, p. 264, ll. 564 ff.
666-667 tempore ... mederi See Adag. 1405 (Dies adimit aegritudinem).
678 Plat. Parm. 9, 136 e-137 a.
680 Plat. loc. cit.
685 Suid. Ἴβυκος 80.
688 Hor. Epist. I, 1, 4 and 8 f.
691 hoc adagiorum pistrino See Adag. 2001 (Herculei labores), ASD II, 5, pp. 27, ll. 117 ff., where Er. expatiates on the labours involved in compiling his huge collection. He feels as if he has been tied to a treadmill, "velut alligatus pistrino" (p. 30, 1. 202; see n. ad loc.).
692 alias Adag. 822 (Ibyci grues).
3660 Cf. Otto 534.
694 Plut. Pel. 10, 9.
Plut. loc. cit., 8-10.
711 Plut. Caes. 6, 6.
713-714 Catulus Luctatius Plut. gives the name as Κάτλος Λουτάτιος (Commonly known as Q. Lutatius Catulus).
714-715 Plut. loc. cit. (αἱρεῖ).
723 Plut. Eum. 8, 8 (726 οὐθεὶς).
729 Quint. Inst. VII (!), 2, 43 f. (730 loco, illo tempore, illo). Er. owes this quotation to Bonifatius Amerbach, who had entered "Scelera non habent consilium" as an independent adage on his list (see the introduction, p. 14).
735 Plut. Per. 16, 8 f. Er. has included the same passage in Apophth. VII, Anaxagoras 5, LB IV, 331 B-C. See Diels II, p. 13.
741-744 exprobrans etc. Added by Er.
746 Plut. Luc. 11, 2.
747 Plut. loc. cit. (748 Λευκόλλου; τοῦτο δὴ; 749 ὑφαιρήσει).
752-753 Non ... Iustinianus Leonardo Giustinian (d. 1446) translated the passage in the following way: "quia non armis Lucullus, non acie, non congressu certaret, sed in ventrem, ut aiunt, omni belli mole conversa extremam sibi famis cladem inferret" (Virorum illustrium vitae ex Plutarcho Graeco in Latinum versae, Venetiis, 1478, II, f. A 9r). Giustinian's translation is very free. Er.' sarcastic remark is prompted primarily by Giustinian's use of the pronoun "sibi" instead of "ei" (the reference being not to Lucullus, but to his enemy), a common error for the humanists before Valla's Elegantiae came in circulation. The Venetian poet also translated Plutarch's Cimon. See A. Oberdorfer, Di Leonardo Giustiniano umanista, Giornale storico della letteratura italiana 56, 1910, pp. 107-120; V. Branca, ed., Dizionario critico della letteratura italiana, II, Torino, 1986, p. 404. For humanist translations of Plutarch's Vitae see ASD II, 4, p. 21, n.l. 28. In a letter of 1530 (Ep. 2291, ll. 48 f.) Er. exclaims, "Quae portenta deprehenduntur in his quae verterunt Itali ex Vitis Plutarchi!"
755 stemmatis See p. 27, n.l. 167.
756-773 Hermanns a Nona Aquila etc. Hermann von Neuenahr (ca. 1492-1530) was a friend of Er. Both men supported Johann Reuchlin (Capnion) in his defence of the study of the ancient literatures against the reactionary theologians, headed by the Dominican and inquisitor Jacob van Hoogstraten (d. 1527), who taught theology at Cologne University. The following episode, in which van Hoogstraten is the victim, dates back to 1518. Er. relates it in a letter of that year for the first time and reiterates it with malicious delight on several later occasions (Epp. 877, ll. 16 ff.; 889, 42 ff.; 1173, 140 ff.; 1892, 56 ff.; 2126, 116 ff.). See Allen's notes ad loc.; Contemporaries, s.v. Hoogstraten and Neuenahr; S.P. Wolfs, Dominicanen en de Colloquia van Er., Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis 61 (1981), pp. 37-38.
107756-757 A Dominicano ... praefatiuncula Van Hoogstraten attacked von Neuenahr in the preface to his Apologia against Reuchlin (Cologne, February 1518).
759-763 Denuntiarunt ... illius Er. gives a more vivid account in Ep. 877.
759 collegio That is, the Dominican studium at Cologne.
764 itum ... tyrologiam The Dominicans 'went to their usual business of collecting eggs and cheeses.' Er. coined the Greek words himself. He hated mendicant friars, whom he calls πτωχοπλούσιοι (wealthy beggars) in one of his colloquies, ASD I, 3, pp. 389 ff.
766-771 chirographo testatus ... impudentiam In 1527 Er. claims to own a copy of van Hoogstraten's "abiectam et scurrilem palinodiam" (Ep. 1892, ll. 56 f.), "bella palinodia, scurra quam theologo dignior!" (Ep. 2126, l. 128). In 1528 he refers to 'some Dominican' "qui praefatione maledica Comitem quendam prosciderat, non ferendis in eum conuiciis debacchans. A cuius amicis quum vrgeretur, scripsit sua manu palinodiam, qua deierat se tale nihil vnquam sinistre de Comite sensisse, sed semper ilium habuisse pro viro docto et pio. Atqui eadem palinodia recitabat verba praefationis, quae non poterant in alium cadere quam in Comitem. Est apud me palinodia. Hic vtrum mauis interpretari, stuporem insignem an plusquam scurrilem impudentiam?" (Ep. 2045, ll. 200 ff.)
772-773 me ... approbante Er. settled his differences with van Hoogstraten as early as 1520 and helped him to secure a truce with von Neuenahr (Ep. 1064; Spongia, ASD IX, 1, p. 138, ll. 403 ff.; see the introd. to Ep. 1078, CWE VII, p. 222). He continued to ridicule him all the same.
774 Ter. Phorm. 988 (also quoted at the end of Adag. 1505 (Si vinum postulet, pugnos illi dato) and in 1778 (Ventres), l. 60). The words are to be taken literally rather than metaphorically, as Er. suggests.
3665 See Brassicanus, Prov. 61 (O domus antiqua), who gives both passages from Cicero. For Er.' use of Brassicanus see the introduction, pp. 13-14.
777 Cic. Off. I, 39, 139 (779 'O domus antiqua' et 'quam dispari dominare domino': et om. cod. Palatinus). The fragment is from an unknown play. Er. attributes it to Ennius, perhaps on the strength of a preceding passage (24, 84), where Cicero quotes explicitly from Ennius.
786 'Anni' ... alias Er. here uses an observation by Porphyrio on Hor. Serm. I, 10, 53 (Nil comis tragici mutat Lucilius Acci?): "'mutat' pro eo quod est 'emendat' positum est. Facit autem haec Lucilius cum alias, tum ..."
789 Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 104.
793 Dio Chrys. 74, 11.
795 Dio Chrys. loc. cit. (796 μέντοι; ἀποβέβληκε; 797 δὴ κἀκεῖνοι: δὲ καὶ ἐκεῖνοι v.l.).
1093667 Otto 858.
804 Non. p. 178 Lindsay.
Plaut. Trin. 537 f., quoted by Non. loc. cit. (805 cuiust; redactus est).
806 Plaut. Poen. 906 ff. (809 prius). Nonius refers to the same passage, but he quotes only l. 907.
810 calcum Er. suggests replacing calcem by calcum, but there is no need for emendation here. His suggestion is apparently prompted by calculi in the Isidorus passage that he quotes in the following. He may have found the rare word calcus in Isid. XVI, 25, 8. 'Calx' and 'calcus' both denote a small stone used in games.
Non. loc. cit. ('Incitas' dicitur egestas).
811 sed non absque tropo Er. intends to say: in passages where 'incita' means 'poverty', it is used metaphorically; 'poverty' is not the proper sense of the word under discussion.
813 Lucil., fr. 121 Krenkel, quoted by Non. loc. cit.
817 Lucil., fr. 516-517 Krenkel, quoted by Non. loc. cit.
818 Isid. Orig. XVIII, 67 (819 vage: ideo alios ordinarios, alios vagos appellant; at vero qui moveri omnino non possunt, incitos dicunt).
824 metam silentii A person who is put to silence in a disputation, because his opponent has disproved his arguments, is driven (ad) metam silentii (to the limit which consists of silence). Although the sense is clear, the expression itself is unknown to modern experts of medieval logic. Apparently, Er. refers to a contemporary expression of recent origin. Treatises on fallacies usually began with a discussion of the five aims of argument (e.g. refutation) which Aristotle had established in Soph. el. 3. They were referred to as 'metae' (fines, termini), but the phrase meta silentii does not occur. See e.g. Petrus Hispanus, Tractatus VII, 13. (I wish to thank E.J. Ashworth, G. Nuchelmans, and L.M. de Rijk for information supplied.) For the disputations of the theologians in the later Middle Ages see N. Kretzmann et al., ed., The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy, Cambridge, 1982, pp. 21-29; for traditional logic in the times of Er. see C.B. Schmitt et al., ed., The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, Cambridge, 1988, pp. 143-172 (for treatises on obligations esp. pp. 148 ff. and 116-167).
826 Plut. Mor. 822 c-d.
833 Idem Plut. Mor. 513 c.
838 'circumscripta' etc. See Adag. 2546 (Minore finire pomoerio).
3669 Inspired by Brassicanus, Prov. 42 (Roscius). Otto 1553. Cf. Collect. 173.
841 Cic. De or. I, 28, 130 (842 hoc iam diu est).
843 De or. II, 56, 233 (844 inspectante: spectante v.l.; sese: if v.l.).
845 Brut. 84, 290 (esse Roscium).
111847-848 virum ... versaretur A paraphrase of Cic. Quinct. 25, 78.
849 Daedalum Adag. 1262 (Daedali opera).
850 Herculem Adag. 2001 (Herculei labores) and 641 (Alter Hercules).
Achillem Adag. 641 and 3991 (Aeacidinae minae).
851 Aristarchum Adag. 457 (Stellis signare. Obelo notare), ASD II, 1, p. 533, ll. 354 ff.
854 Plut. Mor. 329 c.
854-855 Qui mos ... Germanos Regarding the custom of drinking to someone's health see Lister's comment on the expression "philotesiis inuitare" in the Moria (ASD IV, 3, p. 92, l. 370): "Graeci φιλοτησίας vocant quibus et hodie nostrates vtuntur, cum in amicitiae signum praelibant alicui ac deinde porrigunt poculum."
857 Plut. loc. cit.
861 Plaut. Pseud. 1258 and 1262 f. (863 †micissimam).
863 Hesych. φιλοτησία 529 Schmidt, ex eodem poculo is an addition by Er.
866 nouae leprae Syphilis. Er. frequently returns to it in his works. In Apophth. III, Socratica 16, LB IV, 157 A he curses whoremongers, who "contrahant ... paralysim aut scabiem nouam quam Gallicam appellant." See esp. Consult. de bello Turc., ASD V, 3, p. 32, ll. 23 ff. and n.; Lingua, ASD IV, 1A, p. 22, ll. 76 ff. and n.; Eccles. I, ASD V, 4, p. 42, II. 156 ff. Ps. Ascon. on Cic. Verr. 2, I, 26, 66 Stangl, pp. 240 f.
873-874 Quidam etc. See Adag. 553 (Bonae fortunae siue Boni genii).
876 Plut. Mor. 335 a (878 ἕρπει; τῶ σιδάρω; κιθαρίδδειν: κιθαρίσδειν v.l.). The line is Alcman's, fr. 41 PMG, p. 46.
882 qui vocantur harmatii Plut.: τὸν ἁρμάτειον ... νόμον (the Chariot Song).
882-883 vt simul etc. Plut.: ὥστε τοῖς ὅπλοις ᾂξας ἐπιβαλεῖν τὰς χεῖρας ἐγγὺς παρακειμένοις (that he leapt up and laid hands upon the weapons that lay near). Er.' overdramatic interpretation is biased, it seems, by a different story about Alexander, which has it that he stabbed Clitus, his dearest friend, in the midst of a party (Curt. VIII, 1, 19 ff., esp. 45-52; Sen. De ira III, 17, 1).
885 Plut. Mor. 155 e-f.
885-886 dictum ... impartientes The explanation is incorrect; see the final note.
886 Plut. loc. cit.
891-892 diues ... bibens The explanation is incorrect. Er. is clearly unaware of what Diogenes Laertius relates about Bathycles (I, 28 f), namely that he left in his will his drinking-vessel to the most helpful of the seven wise men. They wisely passed it around to one another, no one claiming it for him self.
113894 Plut. Mor. 658 b-c. Ion, fr. 57 TrGF I, p. 112. There is no evidence that the line was proverbial.
900 Plut. Mor. 929 a.
905-907 Callias ... pennae Suid. Καλλίας πτερορρυεῖ 215. Schol. on Aristoph. Av., 283 a. - patrimonium abligurierat For the expression see Ter. Eun. 235 and Apul. Apol. 59, 7.
907-908 Solet ... temporibus See Aristoph. Av. 104 ff.
909 deplumati ac detonsi Neither word is found in ancient Latin in the sense required here, 'plundered', that is. Detonsi may be reminiscent of Tiberius' well-known reply "Boni pastoris esse tondere pecus, non deglubere", by which the emperor rejected a tax proposal; see Adag. 2612. (For 'detondere' see W. Kissel's commentary on Persius [Heidelberg, 1990], 3, 54). It is not unlikely that Er. has translated the Dutch phrase "ghepluct en gheschooren" (plucked and fleeced), used of someone who has been robbed; see Woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal, XIV, s.v. scheren, 473; not in Suringar). From the absence of signalling words such as 'hodie' or 'apud nostrates' I am inclined to infer that Er. considers to be ancient idiom what is actually a reminiscence of his mother tongue.
910 Aristoph. Av. 106 and 284.
3675 The expression is taken from Andrea Alciato, De verborum significatione, Lyon, 1530, IV, p. 80. The elaboration is Er.' own. For his use of Alciato see the introd., pp. 13-14.
913-915 Ἐν πλάτει ... humanitatis 'The Greeks say that a declaration must be taken ἐν πλάτει (in a broad sense) when intimating that one should allow for some delay beyond the established deadline, especially in cases requiring forbearance.' Er.' replacement of "dicunt" (MS) with interpretantur (H I), which may have been prompted by considerations of style (in view of the foregoing dictum), does not further at all our understanding of his opening words.
916 Dig. XLVI, 3, 13 (917 habere dominus; mox om.).
919 Dig. XLVI, 8, 12 (Ratam rem).
920 Dig. XIII, 3, 3 (triticiaria; 922 etiam om.; 923 novissimum).
924 Dig. XXII, 3, 28 (necne ... non hoc quaeritur; 925 aliquo modo pacto; 926 hoc ita, quod Graece dici solet ἐν πλάτει: Graeci dici solent v.l.).
928-930 Caletii ... proximis Er. would know, since he passed Calais on his trips to and from England, crossing the Channel between Calais and Dover. He usually stopped at the nearby castle of Hammes to visit its commander, Lord Mountjoy. See the headnotes to Epp. 193, 294-296, 470, 577, 1106 in The Correspondence of Er., CWE II, IV, VII.
930 vtrisque portae proximis 'Even though both groups are right by the city gate.'
1153676 See Alciato, De verb. sign. IV, p. 79. The elaboration is Er.' own.
935 Fest. p. 416 Lindsay.
936-939 deductam ... offerebatur After Diom. III, Keil, Gr. Lat. I, p. 485, ll. 34 ff.
940 κέρνος a mixtura Er. derives κέρνος from κεράννυμι (mix).
supra Adag. 3576 (Πενταπλόα).
941 Fest. loc. cit. (943 abrogato aut derogato).
943-944 quum ... seruandam Added by Er.
948-950 Iugurtha ... pondere After Sall. Iug. 29, 5-6 (950 cum parvo).
950-951 Just. praef. Dig., pp. L-LI Mommsen (951 Et primi anni; 951-952 legentibus tradebatur; 953 mixtum; autem om.).
954 Sall. Iug. 29, 5.
955-957 Haec Salustius etc. Er. points out that the passage in Festus quoted above (ll. 946 f.) is wrongly attributed to C. Lelius. Modern editors of Festus, too, assume the passage to be defective; a number of words must have fallen out.
959 Nonnullis ... eruditis The reference is to Alciato, De verb. sign. IV, p. 79 (and Dispunctiones IV, 2).
960 Dig. XII, 2, 13 (end) (961-962 non oportere et peieraverit vel dari sibi oportere, vel intra; 963 solvit; 963-964 fustibus eum castigandum; superdici).
3678 Otto 1728.
969-971 Cic. Mur. 17, 35. Tusc. V, 11, 33 (tabellis obsignatis).
971 Cic. Mur. 17, 35.
972-977 'Syngrapha' etc. After Ps. Ascon. on Cic. Verr. 2, I, 36, 91 Stangl, pp. 244 f. Latinis sonat conscriptionem has been added by Er.
975-976 in hac ... venit Ps. Ascon.: "in syn graphis etiam contra fidem veritatis pactio convenit" (convenit Stangl: venit codd.).
978 Ps. Ascon. loc. cit.
980 Anth. Pal. V, 256, 3.
982 in comoedia Ter. Eun. 49.
984 Hor. Epod. 15, 12-16 (985 virist; 988 offensi: offensae v.l.).
117990 epigrammate Anth. Pal. loc. cit.
999 Tac. Dial. or. 26, 2-3 (3 tenere Lipsius: temere codd.).
9 Plat. Lys. 216 c.
10 Plat. loc. cit.
13 Aristot., quoted by Diog. Laert. V, 20. Er. has included the same passage in Apophth. VII, Aristoteles 21, LB IV, 339 A, where he notes: "Caecus enim non sentit formae illecebram, nihilo magis quam colorum gratiam." Cf. Adag. 793 (Vel caeco appareat).
18 epigramma Anth. Pal. XVI, 4. Hom. Il. XXII, 369-371 and 375.
21 Hom. loc. cit.
31 Anth. Pal. loc. cit.
36 alias Adag. 154 (Iugulare mortuos), 2541 (Mortui non mordent), 3548 (Σκιαμαχεῖν).
39 Plat. Theaet. 154 d (ἐὰν ἀποκρίνῃ; ὅτι; 40 μὲν γὰρ γλῶττα).
11946 Plat. Theaet. 155 e (τοῖν).
52-55 Talis ... habes Diog. Laert. VI, 53. See Apophth. III, Diogenes 124, LB IV, 183 F; there Er. adds the following comment, intended for the scholastic logicians: "sunt et hodie qui forteitatibus [sorteitatibus ed.] et ecceitatibus sibi videntur acuti."
56 Plat. loc. cit.
61 Plat. Theaet. 157 a.
65 Plat. loc. cit. (66 ἐν δὲ τῇ πρὸς).
69-70 et tum dicebamus Plato: καὶ τότε ἐλέγομεν. The error "ego et tu" (H I) must have originated from a misreading of "et tu" (MS), presumably by Er.' secretary, who may also be held responsible for the addition of "ego".
72 Aristot. Rhet. II, 13, 1-2.
75 Πάγιον a πήγω The derivation is correct, even though the form πήγω is not attested; Er. is thinking of πήγνυμι.
76-79 Accidentia ... substantia By this observation Er. intends to clarify the passage from Plato (ll. 65-68). For the concepts accidentia and substantia see R.J. Deferrari et al., A Lexicon of St. Thomas Aquinas, Baltimore, 1948, s.v.
80-90 Quin et Latinis etc. Er.' rather confusing argument centers on the words 'solidus', 'solus', and 'solum' (soil). He claims that these words are cognate. Having defined the literal sense of πάγιος (firm, fixed) as 'solidus' (ll. 61-76), he now argues that these words are equivalent even from an etymological point of view, inasmuch as 'solidus' derives from 'solum' (soil). He owes this etymology to an entry in Festus, in which he incorrectly reads "solum" for "sollum". He then asserts, drawing on the same entry, that the adjective 'solus' (alone) is sometimes used in the sense of 'totus'. He connects this usage with 'solum' (soil, that is, fixed and compact), which in his view derives from ὅλον, the Greek equivalent of 'totum'.
80 'res soli' dicuntur bona immobilia Dig. VII, 1, 7; XIII, 3, 1; XXIV, 1, 55; XLIII, 16, 1, 32.
81 Id Osci ... toto Fest. p. 372 Lindsay "sollum (!) Osce totum et solidum significat." Iuv. 8, 20.
83 Sic ... Hieronymus In Epist. 14, 2 Er. read "Solum pietatis genus est in hac re esse crudelem." In his scholia on Jerome he proposes the correction "Solidum"; see Hier. Opera, Basel, 1524, I, pp. 5-6. I owe this reference to U. Dill.
Fest. p. 372 (84 solliferria; sollers).
85 solemne ... fit Fest. pp. 384-386 (sollemne).
87 Cic. Fin. II, 22, 72 (88 possunt; in voluptate).
12192 Plat. Theaet. 169 a-b (94 ἀποδύεσθαι).
95 campestriati 'clothed with an apron'; Aug. Civ. XIV, 17.
97-98 frequenter ... Basilius Chrys. uses ἀποδῦναι in a metaphorical sense in e.g. De sacerdotio 3, 10, SC 272, p. 180, ll. 198 f.: καθάπερ ἱμάτιον τὴν ἠρεμίαν ἀποδῦναι; 6, 13, p. 356, ll. 16 f: τὸ σῶμα ἀποδύντα. Basil.: e.g. Hom. de gratiarum actione 3, Migne PG 31, 224 b: ἐπὶ τὸ τῆς εὐσέβειας στάδιον ἀποδύντα. Regulae fusius tractatae, prooem. 2, Migne PC 31, 892 c; Enarr. in proph. Isaiam, prooem., Migne PG 30, 120 b: ἀποδύεσθαι μὲν τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον. See also Lampe, s.v. ἀποδύω.
98 alibi Adag. 947 (Aut bibat aut abeat).
102 Plat. Prot. 335 e.
108-109 Himera ... Africa Steph. Byz. Ἱμέρα.
110 Plin. Nat. VII, 84 (in Anystis: canistius v.l.).
112 Dolichodromi ... decurrebant Suid. δόλιχος 1339.
113-114 hemerodromi ... currebant Liv. XXXI, 24, 4.
114 Plin. Nat. VII, 84.
115 Graeci ... ἡμεροδρόμον Hesych. ἡμεροδρόμος 468 Latte: ἀλληγορικῶς ὁ ἥλιος.
116-117 diuersorio Thetidis Er. means the Ocean; see Hesych. Θέτις 419 Latte: ἡ μήτηρ Ἀχιλλέως. καὶ ἡ θάλασσα.
3688 Most materials are taken from Brassicanus, Prov. 91 (Vita charadrii).
119-122 Χαραδριὸν ... caelat? The expression, its explanation as well as the line of Hipponax have been taken from the entry χαραδριός 90 in Suidas. There χαραδριὸν μιμούμενος is said to be a παροιμία ... ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποκρυπτομένων. The χαραδριός, a bird of uncertain identity according to D.W. Thompson (A Glossary of Greek Birds, Oxford, 1895, pp. 185 f.) and E.R. Dodds (see his commentary on Plat. Gorg, 494 b 6), has been identified as the stone curlew by N. Dunbar in her commentary on Aristophanes' Birds (Oxford, 1995), p. 226. For the ancient belief concerning its healing power see also J. Huizinga, Van den vogel charadrius, in: Verzamelde werken, I, Haarlem, 1948, pp. 173-187.
120 Suid. loc. cit., where περνᾷς is the correct reading. Er., who takes the final word of the line to be a participle, translates venditor instead of 'vendis'. Hipponax, fr. 55 Degani, fr. 52 West I, pp. 124 f.
123 Aristoph. Av. 265 f. (124 οὕποψ; ἐς; 125 ἐσβὰς ἐπῷζε: ἐμβὰς ἐπῷζε [ἐπῶζε v.l.] schol.). See Dunbar's commentary ad loc., who proposes *ἐπόπωζε: (the hoopoe) "cried hoopoo".
126 abdidit sese Er.' interpretation of χαραδριὸν μιμούμενος as 'going into hiding' is in itself correct and in accordance with both Suidas and the scholia on Aristophanes. However, his translation of ἐπῶζε ('whooped, cried', as scholium 266 a suggests) as 'went into hiding' is erroneous, even though it is supported by one of the scholia (see 266 a, where ἐκρύπτετο is given as an alternative explanation).
127 interpres Schol. on Aristoph. Av. 266 (b-4).
Suid. loc. cit.
133 penultima Probably a mistake for 'antepen ultima'. - Er. writes incorrectly χάραδρα (for χαράδρα).
134-135 quod ... videtur Suidas suggests that the words χαραδριός (a bird) and χαράδρα (mountainstream) are etymologically related, since both are 'melodious'.
136 Aristoph. Av. 1140 f. (137 δ᾿ ἐφόρουν; ἐς).
139 Schol. ad loc. (1141).
Socr., quoted by Plat. Gorg. 494 b.
140 Callinicen Not Callinices, but Callicles.
145 Marsilius Ficino translates the passage as follows: "Charadrii avis tu rursus vitam dicis, non autem mortui aut lapidis" (from the Lyon 1557 edition, p. 247 a).
quum Socrates ... voragine But Socrates refers to the bird (χαραδριός), which was apparently said to be very greedy, not to a chasm or mountainstream (χαράδρα); see a scholium ad loc., p. 157 Greene: χαραδριὸς ὄρνις τις ὃς ἅμα τῷ ἐσθίειν ἐκκρίνει. Hence, Ficino's translation "charadrii avis" is correct.
147 inuenerit The subject is charadrius.
larus For this greedy bird see Adag. 1133 (Larus) and 1948 (Larus hians).
148 a 'charadra' ductum See 1. 139.
3689 The same quotation appears also in Brassicanus, Prov. 90 (Quantum pedes nostri possunt).
150 Plat. Gorg. 507 d.
158 Plat. Phaedr. 235 d.
161 Plat. loc. cit. (c-d) (παρά γε; 162 ἀμαθίαν).
167 Plat. Phaedr. 241 d.
172 Plat. loc. cit. (174 ἄρνας ἀγαπῶσιν: ἄρνα φιλοῦσιν v.l.). In a scholium ad loc. (p. 78 Greene) the passage is characterized as proverbial.
176 Verg. Ecl. II, 63 f.
179 Hor. Carm. I, 23, 9 f.
1253692 After Brassicanus, Prov. 115 (In navibus nutritus).
183 Plat. Phaedr. 243 c.
186 Plat. loc. cit. (αὐτὸν; ναύταις).
188 Plaut. Cist. 215 ff. This fragment of a canticum is printed as prose in H and I. It is also quoted in Adag. 3529 (Maritimi mores), ll. 372-376; see n. ad loc.
189 mare ... recedatque See Adag. 2569 (Fortuna aestuaria), ASD II, 6, p. 376, ll. 665 f. "Quemadmodum autem mare habet accessus ac recessus aestuarios, ita nihil est in rebus humanis perpetuum."
195 Plat. Rep. V, 6, 457 b.
204 Cic. Off. III, 24, 93.
209 Plat. Rep. VI, 11, 498 a ἀποσβέννυνται πολὺ μᾶλλον τοῦ Ἡρακλείτειου ἡλίου.
212-216 Heraclitus ... fieri solem After a scholium ad loc., pp. 240 f. Greene. See also Heracl., pp. 267 ff. Kirk.
215 Xenophanes See fr. 41 Diels I, p. 125.
217 Hor. Carm. IV, 7, 13 f.
221 Plat. Rep. VII (!), 14, 533 d, also quoted in Adag. 1020 (Barbarus ex triuio).
229 Plat. Rep. VIII, 2, 544 d.
230-233 vulgus ... consensus Ordinary people, when using 'ciuitas' and 'ecclesia', have outward, material structures in mind, buildings that is, whereas in fact they ought to be aware of the true meanings of these words, namely, 'community based on the moral qualities of its members' and 'the consensus of all Christian believers'. Er.' censure is to be understood in a moral sense and not as a linguistic observation. It is the theologian speaking here, not the grammarian. Er. himself | 127 frequently uses 'ciuitas' in the material sense of'town', e.g. Adag. 3675 (Ἐν πλάτει), p. 112, l. 929; 3860 (Vsurae nauticae), p. 208, l. 663; Epp. 1603, l. 15; 2728, l. 8. He gives the original meaning of 'ecclesia' (assembly) at the beginning of his Ecclesiastes, where he defines it as "concio, hoc est, populus euocatus ad audiendum de reipublicae negociis". He sometimes uses it to denote the mystical body of Christ ("coelesti corpore, quod est ecclesia", Adag. 2201 (Sileni Alcibiadis), ASD II, 5, p. 183, ll. 480 f.) or the consensus of all Christian believers (see the passages quoted by J.B. Paynes, Er. : His Theology of the Sacraments, Peoria, III., 1970, pp. 31-33). He does not condemn categorically its use in the sense of 'church'. In fact, it is so used by such authors as Origen, Chrysostomus, Cyprian, Lactantius, and Augustine (see Lampe, s.v., N; A. Blaise, Dictionnaire latin-français des auteurs chrétiens, s.v., 7; Blaise, Lexicon Latinitatis Medii Aevi, s.v.).
233 Plat. loc. cit. Plato alludes to Hom. Od. XIX, 163; see Adag. 787 (Ex quercubus etc.).
238 Plat. Leg. III, 692 a.
240 Plat. loc. cit. (241 τὴν ἀρχὴν; ψάλιον). Er. has included the same passage in Adag. 1701 (Seruatori tertius), ASD II, 4, p. 151, ll. 13 ff.
245 pro freno See Hesych. ψάλιον 43 Schmidt: χαλινός.
247 alio ... loco Adag. 1019 (Naribus trahere).
249 Plat. Leg. IV, 715 e-716 a (252 ὥσπερ καὶ: ὥσπερ v.l.; 253 εὐθείᾳ: εὐθεῖαν v.l.).
258 Plat. Leg. VI, 782 c.
260-263 non solum ... vescerentur After Plat. loc. cit.
263 Plat. loc. cit. (ἐγίγνοντο ἡμῶν).
265-266 quod Pythagoras etc. See e.g. Ov. Met. XV, where Pythagoras' speech on vegetarianism and the migration of souls (75 ff.) is followed by a reference to King Numa (481).
268 In Eccles. II, ASD V, 4, p. 256, ll. 230 f. Er. asserts likewise that λόγος λευκός was a set phrase denoting an "orationem claram et euidentem". However, it is not attested in ancient literature. The nearest parallel is τήν τε τοῦ λόγου λευκότητα in Athan. De sententia Dionysii 24, Migne PG 25, 516 C.
269 λευκότερον εἰπεῖν Athan. De decr. Nicaenae synodi 19, Migne PG 25, 449 A and C; 452 B; see also Epist. ad Afros episc. 5 and Or. quarta contra Arianos 21, Migne PG 26, 1037 C and 500 B. Eusebius, too, frequently (22 times) uses λευκότερον in the sense 'more clearly, plainly', e.g. Praep. evang. XI, 14, 4 and 10, SC 292; Demonstr. evang. III, 2, 48; IV, 15, 58; V, 3, 12; Comm. in Ps., Migne PG 23, 192 C, 384 B, 548 A, 593 C, 649 D.
270-271 λευκὴ ... auditorum Suid. λευκόν 332.
271-274 Huiusmodi metaphorae etc. See Adag. 581 (Odorari ac similes aliquot metaphorae).